“In some ways, this is very aspirational. “You can’t force the farmer to take the money,” Zobell said. But because the announcement is just a three-page summary of what those states intend to do, details remain slim and they will need to somehow prove their efforts result in actual reduced use. The Lower Basin states arrived at their current $1.2 billion figure based on a formula in the federal Inflation Reduction Act, Zobell said, and it will most likely be used to encourage farmers to fallow their fields and improve irrigation practices. “It’s that obligation of release that I think has triggered, if not animosity, then friction among the Upper Basin (states),” Zobell said. George can’t count on water or the Lake Powell Pipeline to meet growing demand. That means a loss of recreational opportunities for Utahns in Lake Powell and Flaming Gorge as those reservoirs get tapped to meet downstream obligations. That’s because when there are shortages in Lake Mead and Lower Basin States, Upper Basin states have to release water out of Lake Powell to ensure senior water rights get fulfilled. “Even though we don’t have a water master, the measurement of drought conditions at Lake Powell and Lake Mead affect us,” Zobell said. “Rather, any reductions in use in the Upper Basin are a function of individual state law and regulation, as well as hydrologic shortage - something Utah, Colorado, New Mexico and Wyoming experience almost every year.”īecause Upper Basin states only use a fraction of what they are allowed in the compact - Zobell estimates it’s around 4.5 million acre-feet - they haven’t had a need for a federal water master yet.īut with growing populations and stresses of their own, it’s clear the system isn’t working in the Upper Basin either. “However, she does not have the same authority in the Upper Basin,” explained Amy Haas, executive director of the Colorado River Authority of Utah. “There was already litigation and fights going on in the Lower Basin even before the Upper Basin had to get involved.”Ī spat between Arizona and California more than six decades ago resulted in the Interior Department - currently helmed by Secretary Deb Haaland - becoming a “water master” of sorts for the Lower Basin, which is why Haaland has the authority to make cuts there. “What’s important to realize is the Lower Basin states have already used up their full allocation,” said Gage Zobell, a water law expert and partner at the firm Dorsey & Whitney. In a nutshell, the interstate agreements mean the Upper Basin states must deliver 7.5 million acre-feet to the senior water right holders in the Lower Basin states before they use their own allotted 7.5 million acre-feet. Part of the reason is that the law of the river is a century old, with extensive litigation sprinkled between the signing of the Colorado River Compact in 1922 and the conflicts states are experiencing today. So, why don’t Upper Basin states like Utah have to contribute cuts of their own? Why only the Lower Basin states had to submit a Colorado River plan In a three-page letter, they outlined plans to cut a collective 3 million acre-feet over three years in exchange for $1.2 billion from the federal government. The three Lower Basin states, which hold senior water rights on the river, announced Monday they had found a short-term solution. When the seven Colorado River Basin states couldn’t reach a resolution on how to do that earlier this year, the feds upped the pressure by signaling they would force mandates of their own, with big implications for California and Arizona, which apparently prompted the latest deal. Department of Interior called on the river’s water users to curtail their use by two to four million acre-feet this year alone. I think in the interest of giving each song it’s time in the sun, as well as building a relationship with the audience, a season of singles can be a really creative and engaging way to go.The U.S. “It’s a bit more of a real-time evolution of the artist in doses that play out like an ongoing conversation. “The singles approach gives me a little more well-rounded day-to-day creative process in that I’m simultaneously tinkering with writing, production and sharing with the audience as opposed to may past routine of taking six months to write, six months to record and then a few months to refresh and restart.”įurthermore, he has found the new routine to be quite “mentally refreshing,” too. “Feeling like that trilogy was complete, I wanted to try a new way of creating and sharing as I move forward,” he said. In the aftermath of his third album, Bluebird, Johnson witnessed his creativity drastically shift. “Irises” is the latest in a string of singles this year. “Hear me out / Did you know that snowflake’s designed like none / Other and your irises’ lines are spun / Alone in yellow color,” he sings. Under four minutes, “Irises” appears to fill the entire expanse of both time and space.
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